Agricultural extension also known as agricultural advisory services plays a crucial role in boosting agricultural productivity, increasing food security, improving rural livelihoods, and promoting agriculture as an engine of propoor economic growth. In ethiopia a range of extension approaches have been used. The pennsylvania state university, 323 agricultural administration building, university park, pa 16802. Improving agricultural extension khyber pakhtunkhwa. Community extension approaches in ghana, uganda and malawi 23.
To stimulate students interest and understanding about the concept and practice of extension and the need for extension in agricultural development 2. Agricultural extension methodologies, approaches and tools. The results of impact evaluations conducted in 10 ssa countries including kenya, somali, ivory coast, rwanda, burkina faso, uganda, zimbabwe, mozambique, ethiopia, and tanzania were collected from various websites for the analysis. In contrast to several other approaches, this approach assumes that technology and knowledge that are appropriate for local people exist but are not being used by them. Analysis of extension systems in uganda for identification of. Approaches in extension extension approach axinn, 1988 defined as a style of action, embodying the philosophy of an extension system which, by and large determines the direction and naturestyle of the various aspects of that system, such as its structure, leadership, program, methods and techniques, resources, and. Ppt lecture two extension model approaches by hudu. Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and knowledge to agricultural practices through farmer education. Contents, approaches are suitable for each agroecological zones and groups source.
Supporting the livelihood of millions of indonesians, it needs to underpin renewed and robust growth of the economy. Pdf private agricultural extension system in kenya. Drawing upon extension practice and literature, key elements of agricultural extension approaches can be identified and formulated into a comparative typology for three different types of extension approaches table 2. Agricultural extension approaches aciar australian. The agricultural extension strategy is based on the strategy for proagri ii 20062010, the draft extension master plan and the national agricultural extension programme 20072014, pronea, which is based on the agricultural support programme documentation asp, 2005 extension master plan 20072016. Extension, education and communication service research, extension and training division sustainable development department agricultural extension, rural development and the food security challenge by william mcleod rivera in collaboration with m. The need for reform in agriculture extension and rural advisory services in png since independence, agriculture extension has played a pivotal role in agricultural development. Creating sustainable agricultural impact for smallholders. Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and new knowledge to agricultural practices through farmer education.
Global approaches to extension practice gaep, a publication of the department of agricultural extension, federal university of technology, owerri, imo state, nigeria is an international journal which considers articles from all areas of agricultural extension. There are several extension methods in use today geared at achieving this goal. Overviewthis project surveyed approaches to agricultural extension practice change and new ideas about improved ways forward. Current concepts and approaches in agricultural extension in kenya. Public agricultural extension services around the world are being forced to adapt to new funding. The workshop was organized around three main topics. From 2006 to 2009 the number of farming households using quncho increased from 300 to 7,741 1 due to the development of a variety better suited to farmers preferences and improved agricultural extension. This extension method should be carefully designed because, though approach can be same as based on extension principles, but customizing it according to the demands and needs is important. For example, a method demonstration might be the most appropriate way to show a group of farmers how to graft mango. Review of selected agricultural extension approaches in india. Importance of agricultural extension evidence from many countries show that agricultural extension is a propoor public investment. A reference manual for extension agents was compiled as one of the need based activities identified and agreed upon in the pdm of asap. Also, this situation stimulates the need for new approaches to promote the transition of new innovations into concrete benefits to poor farmers in developing countries hellin, 2012. Rutatora centre for sustainable rural development, sokoine university of agriculture amon z.
Research has identified a series of principles of teaching and learning that help guide field agents and others in how they plan for and conduct educational programs. The field of extension now encompasses a wider range of communication and learning activities organized for rural people by educators from different disciplines, including agriculture, agricultural marketing, health, and business studies. Current extension concepts include participation, facilitation, partnerships, and sustainability. Dzarc and their partners also developed and used a novel agricultural extension approach to improve adoption rates. The first two columns represent two distinct extension approaches extensionistcentered and farmerled approaches. When agricultural extension services were implemented widely in developing countries in the 1970s, the needs, expectations, 179 coordination and collective action for. While national funding for agricultural extension and advisory services. Extension itself has transformed over the decades in the pacific, from traditionally being an. Agricultural extension approaches influencing uptake of improved sorghum technologies in embu county, kenya. Credit seminar on innovative extension approaches in india for effective outreach alok kumar sahoo roll20509 m. Investment in extension and advisory services as part of. Pdf improving agricultural extension a reference manual.
Extension and advisory services rural extension services. Current concepts and approaches in agricultural extension in kenya article pdf available january 2003 with 19,417 reads how we measure reads. I, mzuhleli makapela, declare that this dissertation, effectiveness of agricultural extension organisation in rural areas. Indepth study of the pluralistic agricultural extension system in india. This document seeks to identify relevant extension methods in different situations for maximum impact, taking into consideration the diversity of needs by the whole spectrum of extension beneficiaries clients. Farm households and rural communities face more and bigger challenges because of climate change. Extension and advisory services rural extension services for. They provide an opportunity for group based learning, can stimulate group. Drawing heavily on the field experience of bank staff and outside specialists, the report underscores the importance of a comprehensive framework for accelerating technology development in east africa.
Extension service is still a much needed investment in enhancing human and social capital of the rural population. Participatory extension approaches pea under which the farmer to farmer extension approach f2f falls were introduced in zimbabwe in 1998 and upscaled as a means of moving towards more demanddriven and process oriented agricultural services ministry of agriculture. One important way of achieving this goal is for research, extension, and private sector dealers to hold regular informationsharing meetings at the district level to discuss production problems, research findings, and recommended practices before and during each growing season. Problems and issues challenging agricultural research and. Major agricultural extension providers in tanzania deogratias f. Further, research has shown clear linkages between what teachers do their behavior and how well the learners or. Pacific examples of good extension practice pacific islands extension strategy consultancy report to spc 1. The need for reform in agriculture extension and rural. V system sought to increase agricultural productivity and develop the institutions of the extension service. Approaches in extension extension approach axinn, 1988 defined as a style of action, embodying the philosophy of an extension system which, by and large determines the direction and naturestyle of the various aspects of that system, such as its structure, leadership, program, methods and techniques, resources, and linkages.
Agricultural development administration korea and african forum for agricultural advisory services. Principles of agricultural extension arid agriculture. By the early 1990s and the completion of the third national agricultural extension project naep, there was. Role of international organizations the fao experience. Extension education theoretical framework extension manual em 0220 with criterion referenced assessment tools for more information on this and other topics visit the university of maryland extension website at. Agriculture extension books pdf, lecture notes, sample. Evaluating the impact of agricultural extension programmes in. The purpose of this report is to identify strengths, weaknesses and best practice from pacific experiences with extension. Agricultural technology transfer preferences of smallholder.
Evolution of extension system and operationalisation of approaches. Alternative approaches of agricultural extension for dissemination of sustainable agricultural development in eastern libya 1jadalla. It has set up nearly 300 extension clubs and farmers groups, whose members have reported higher yields and better opportunities for marketing their produce. Current extension service models, what works and what does.
Approaches to making agricultural extension demanddriven 11. The case of amathole district municipality eastern cape, is my own work and all primary and secondary sources have been appropriately acknowledged, by means of a complete reference and acknowledgement. Many definitions, philosophies, and approaches to agricultural extension and advisory services exist, and views of what extension is all about have changed over time. Agricultural extension program is one of the major undertakings of a government, non agricultural groups, as well as other stakeholders with in the agricultural sector to educate, disseminates, provide logistical inputs and organized training programs and workshops aims at educating our clientele considered as the farmers. Several extension methodologies have been used to diffuse innovations and technologies to the clients since inception of the programme in july 2000. Kalim qamar food and agriculture organization of the united nations rome, 2003. Agricultural extension manual for extension workers.
Penn state extension college of agricultural sciences. Participatory extension approaches pea in zimbabwe acknowledgments this booklet on participatory extension approaches pea has been updated with the contribution of a national pea core team made up of staff from practical action southern africa, the ministry of agriculture, mechanisation and irrigation development and the zimbabwe farmers union. The extension method should be appropriate to the subject, or message. They provide an opportunity for group based learning, can stimulate group development and cooperation between farmer s, and are a costeffective means of delivering extension messages. Agricultural extension system was created in 1993 since the le dynasty 980, the first furrow for every rice crop was ploughed by the king himself in order to.
Analysis of extension systems in uganda for identification of suitable extension approaches for scalingup trees for food security project in eastern uganda joel buyinza, jude sekatuba, hillary agaba, ruth kinuthia and evelyne kiptot. Pdf private extension system has been at the centre of a debate triggered by inefficient. The most important link in effecting improved agricultural practices and rural development is the extension worker ew. The suitability of an extension approach and content is. Current concepts and approaches in agricultural extension. Feb 04, 2017 innovative extension approaches in india 1. Problems and issues challenging agricultural research and extension the twin forces of a broadening of research problems facing american agriculture and the advent of a new era in technology pose significant challenges to the research and extension system. The 2030 agenda for sustainable development, through its 17 sustainable development goals, addresses the interconnected root causes of the most persistent ills communities face today and sets an ambitious target of ending hunger and malnutrition for. These other extension methods were often used in combination with the f2f. Penn state extension delivers education you can trust. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Pdf agricultural extension approaches influencing uptake of.
Existing organizations were merged into a single national service. Generally, agricultural extension can be defined as the delivery of information inputs to farmers. Agricultural and rural extension worldwide food and agriculture. Lecture two extension model approaches by hudu zakaria. The term participatory approaches is used to describe a wide range of development and research approaches, methods and tools that can improve the practice of development. Iwmi working paper 145 agricultural extension in central asia. Mattee centre for sustainable rural development, sokoine university of agriculture abstract while agricultural extension services in tanzania have mostly been provided. On the years of farming experience, 35% of the farmers had 2 in cocoa production. Extension is essentially the means by which new knowledge and ideas are introduced into rural areas in order to bring about change and improve the lives of farmers and their families. It is characterized by the coexistence of multiple public, private, and mixed extension sys. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the food and agriculture organization of the united nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Relatively novel approaches include the consideration of aquatic resources management in the context of livelihoods, working with poor. Download limit exceeded you have exceeded your daily download allowance.
Extension services are classified according to their economic characteristics to identify areas where opportunities for private forprofit and nonprofit participa. Buy agriculture extension textbooks, lecture notes, sample papers online at kopykitab. Click download or read online button to get fundamental of agriculture extension education book pdf download book now. Download fundamental of agriculture extension education book pdf download or read fundamental of agriculture extension education book pdf download online books in pdf, epub and mobi format. Agricultural extension is an important tool for rural development, especially in less industrialized counties extension workers play a vital role in educating farmers to produce better crops and more productive animals at lower cost. Extension education in agricultural and rural development. Apr 10, 2012 how we teach, regardless of the audience or the subject matter, must be based in the science of how people learn. Chapter 1 introduction extension in south africa finds itself at a crossroads situation, which has been brought about by a multitude of factors. Videos as agricultural extension and learning tools should be based on the.
Using key elements of any extension approach, the table attempts to differentiate between these two. Pdf available in international journal of current microbiology and applied sciences 72. Get the latest books from publishers such as asia tech publications, teri press, phi learning at best price. The new edition continues to present basic principles which can be applied to all situations, but has been revised to take account of the changes that.
In agricultural extension, there are also certain principles on which the subject matter is based on. Existing strategies and future needs jusipbek kazbekov and asad sarwar qureshi international water management institute. Principles of teaching and learning for extension agrilinks. The basic philosophy of these extension approaches centered on technology transfer. Matf innovative partnerships and approaches dear guest of honour, mrs phoebe odhiambo, grant holders of matf, representatives of the media, ladies and gentlemen, it is a special day today as we as we are about to start the 4th grant holders. The national agricultural extension strategy therefore, aims to contribute in achieving the national and international development goals, such as. The ministry of agriculture and irrigation is responsible for giving national guidance, policy formulation and technical assistance in regard to agriculture extension and community development now rural development programmes. Another important role of agriculture extension worker is to choose from many, an appropriate extension teaching method. Participatory research and extension in agriculture 2 the type of technology is forming the content of the learning event, so it can be expected that the type of technology will determine the design of the learning event. These principles guide the agricultural extension officer and service provider to work in an organized way to ensure smooth flow of agricultural extension service at the door step of. Pdf agricultural extension approaches to enhance the. Without agricultural extension, farmers would lack access to the support and services required to. These will be discussed in relation to the objectives, activities, and organizing agents and clients of each approach.
Nalep uses the focal area extension approach to reach its clients and stakeholders in agricultural production. Videos for agricultural extension food and agriculture. Current concepts and approaches in agricultural extension in. Demanddriven approaches to agriculture extension case studies of international initiatives. The approach is usually fairly centralized and governmentcontrolled. Dlna umalidelnlnger this article examines the roles of the public and private sectors in agricultural extension. The extension method should be suitable for farmers, the participants. In the absence of such published material and organized training programs on the subject, this. Innovative extension approaches in india slideshare. With increasing emphasis on farmers themselves and communitybased extension, current approaches in kenya include farmer field schools, demanddriven extension programs, and farmertofarmer extension programs.
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